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-rw-r--r--nptl/descr.h3
-rw-r--r--rt/Makefile4
-rw-r--r--rt/tst-timer-sigmask.c7
-rw-r--r--rt/tst-timer6.c79
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/nptl/Makefile2
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/nptl/fork.h2
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/internal-signals.h8
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h2
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-timers.h75
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_create.c291
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_delete.c46
-rw-r--r--sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_routines.c154
12 files changed, 324 insertions, 349 deletions
diff --git a/nptl/descr.h b/nptl/descr.h
index ada6867a19..07eedda067 100644
--- a/nptl/descr.h
+++ b/nptl/descr.h
@@ -413,6 +413,9 @@ struct pthread
/* getrandom vDSO per-thread opaque state. */
void *getrandom_buf;
+ /* POSIX per-process timer. */
+ int timerid;
+
/* Amount of end padding, if any, in this structure.
This definition relies on getrandom_buf being last. */
#define PTHREAD_STRUCT_END_PADDING \
diff --git a/rt/Makefile b/rt/Makefile
index 8880e25b64..bdda9dd660 100644
--- a/rt/Makefile
+++ b/rt/Makefile
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ tests := tst-shm tst-timer tst-timer2 \
tst-cpuclock2 tst-cputimer1 tst-cputimer2 tst-cputimer3 \
tst-clock_nanosleep2 \
tst-shm-cancel \
- tst-mqueue10
+ tst-mqueue10 \
+ tst-timer6
tests-internal := tst-timer-sigmask
tests-time64 := \
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ include ../Rules
CFLAGS-aio_suspend.c += -fexceptions
CFLAGS-mq_timedreceive.c += -fexceptions -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
CFLAGS-mq_timedsend.c += -fexceptions -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
+CFLAGS-timer_create.c += -fexceptions -fasynchronous-unwind-tables
# Exclude fortified routines from being built with _FORTIFY_SOURCE
routines_no_fortify += \
diff --git a/rt/tst-timer-sigmask.c b/rt/tst-timer-sigmask.c
index d8a576bba7..61b7927863 100644
--- a/rt/tst-timer-sigmask.c
+++ b/rt/tst-timer-sigmask.c
@@ -39,12 +39,9 @@ thread_handler (union sigval sv)
for (int sig = 1; sig < NSIG; sig++)
{
/* POSIX timers threads created to handle SIGEV_THREAD block all
- signals except SIGKILL, SIGSTOP and glibc internals ones. */
+ signals except SIGKILL, SIGSTOP, and SIGSETXID. */
if (sigismember (&ss, sig))
- {
- TEST_VERIFY (sig != SIGKILL && sig != SIGSTOP);
- TEST_VERIFY (!is_internal_signal (sig));
- }
+ TEST_VERIFY (sig != SIGKILL && sig != SIGSTOP && sig != SIGSETXID);
if (test_verbose && sigismember (&ss, sig))
printf ("%d, ", sig);
}
diff --git a/rt/tst-timer6.c b/rt/tst-timer6.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0f3b030b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rt/tst-timer6.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/* Check re-use timer id for SIGEV_THREAD (BZ 32833)
+ Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+ The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
+ License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
+ not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <support/check.h>
+
+/* The test depends of the system load and scheduler pressure, so the
+ number of iteration is arbitrary to not take too much time. */
+enum { niters = 1<<13 };
+
+static void
+on_good_timer (union sigval sv)
+{
+}
+
+static void
+on_bad_timer (union sigval sv)
+{
+ FAIL_EXIT1 ("triggered bad timer");
+}
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+ struct itimerspec its_long = {. it_value = { .tv_sec = 180 } };
+ struct itimerspec its_short = { .it_value = { .tv_nsec = 1000 } };
+ struct itimerspec its_zero = { .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0} };
+
+ struct sigevent ev_short =
+ {
+ .sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD,
+ .sigev_notify_function = on_good_timer,
+ };
+
+ struct sigevent ev_long =
+ {
+ .sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD,
+ .sigev_notify_function = on_bad_timer,
+ };
+
+ for (int which = 0; which < niters; which++)
+ {
+ struct sigevent * ev = which & 0x1 ? &ev_short : &ev_long;
+ struct itimerspec * its = which & 0x1? &its_short : &its_long;
+
+ timer_t timerid;
+ if (timer_create (CLOCK_REALTIME, ev, &timerid) == -1)
+ FAIL_EXIT1 ("timer_create: %m");
+
+ if (timer_settime (timerid, 0, its, NULL) == -1)
+ FAIL_EXIT1 ("timer_settime: %m");
+
+ if (timer_settime (timerid, 0, &its_zero, NULL) == -1)
+ FAIL_EXIT1 ("timer_settime: %m");
+
+ if (timer_delete (timerid) == -1)
+ FAIL_EXIT1 ("time_delete: %m");
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#include <support/test-driver.c>
diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/Makefile b/sysdeps/nptl/Makefile
index c6e15d2351..12b7cb5bc2 100644
--- a/sysdeps/nptl/Makefile
+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/Makefile
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
# <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
ifeq ($(subdir),rt)
-sysdep_routines += timer_routines
-
tests += tst-mqueue8x
CFLAGS-tst-mqueue8x.c += -fexceptions
endif
diff --git a/sysdeps/nptl/fork.h b/sysdeps/nptl/fork.h
index c7b4a195c1..b241ffaffa 100644
--- a/sysdeps/nptl/fork.h
+++ b/sysdeps/nptl/fork.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
#define _FORK_H
#include <assert.h>
-#include <kernel-posix-timers.h>
#include <ldsodefs.h>
#include <list.h>
#include <mqueue.h>
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ fork_system_setup_after_fork (void)
__default_pthread_attr_lock = LLL_LOCK_INITIALIZER;
call_function_static_weak (__mq_notify_fork_subprocess);
- call_function_static_weak (__timer_fork_subprocess);
call_function_static_weak (__getrandom_fork_subprocess);
}
diff --git a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/internal-signals.h b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/internal-signals.h
index ecb00f5f3c..13b840ca08 100644
--- a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/internal-signals.h
+++ b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/internal-signals.h
@@ -108,12 +108,4 @@ static const sigset_t sigtimer_set = {
}
};
-/* Unblock only SIGTIMER. */
-static inline void
-signal_unblock_sigtimer (void)
-{
- INTERNAL_SYSCALL_CALL (rt_sigprocmask, SIG_UNBLOCK, &sigtimer_set, NULL,
- __NSIG_BYTES);
-}
-
#endif
diff --git a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h
index bea1e0e62d..eda53be167 100644
--- a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h
+++ b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
- A clockid is invalid if bits 2, 1, and 0 are all set.
*/
+#include <time.h>
+
#define CPUCLOCK_PID(clock) ((pid_t) ~((clock) >> 3))
#define CPUCLOCK_PERTHREAD(clock) \
(((clock) & (clockid_t) CPUCLOCK_PERTHREAD_MASK) != 0)
diff --git a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-timers.h b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-timers.h
index 3000953754..046cd3c993 100644
--- a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-timers.h
+++ b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/kernel-posix-timers.h
@@ -19,29 +19,7 @@
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
-
-
-/* Nonzero if the system calls are not available. */
-extern int __no_posix_timers attribute_hidden;
-
-/* Callback to start helper thread. */
-extern void __timer_start_helper_thread (void) attribute_hidden;
-
-/* Control variable for helper thread creation. */
-extern pthread_once_t __timer_helper_once attribute_hidden;
-
-/* Called from fork so that the new subprocess re-creates the
- notification thread if necessary. */
-void __timer_fork_subprocess (void) attribute_hidden;
-
-/* TID of the helper thread. */
-extern pid_t __timer_helper_tid attribute_hidden;
-
-/* List of active SIGEV_THREAD timers. */
-extern struct timer *__timer_active_sigev_thread attribute_hidden;
-
-/* Lock for __timer_active_sigev_thread. */
-extern pthread_mutex_t __timer_active_sigev_thread_lock attribute_hidden;
+#include <nptl/descr.h>
extern __typeof (timer_create) __timer_create;
libc_hidden_proto (__timer_create)
@@ -53,25 +31,12 @@ libc_hidden_proto (__timer_getoverrun)
/* Type of timers in the kernel. */
typedef int kernel_timer_t;
-/* Internal representation of SIGEV_THREAD timer. */
-struct timer
-{
- kernel_timer_t ktimerid;
-
- void (*thrfunc) (sigval_t);
- sigval_t sival;
- pthread_attr_t attr;
-
- /* Next element in list of active SIGEV_THREAD timers. */
- struct timer *next;
-};
-
-
/* For !SIGEV_THREAD, the resulting 'timer_t' is the returned kernel timer
- identifier (kernel_timer_t), while for SIGEV_THREAD it uses the fact malloc
- returns at least _Alignof (max_align_t) pointers plus that valid
- kernel_timer_t are always positive to set the MSB bit of the returned
- 'timer_t' to indicate the timer handles a SIGEV_THREAD. */
+ identifier (kernel_timer_t), while for SIGEV_THREAD it assumes the
+ pthread_t at least 8-bytes aligned.
+
+ For SIGEV_THREAD, the MSB bit (INT_MAX) is used on timer_delete to
+ signal the helper thread to stop and issue the timer_delete syscall. */
static inline timer_t
kernel_timer_to_timerid (kernel_timer_t ktimerid)
@@ -80,7 +45,7 @@ kernel_timer_to_timerid (kernel_timer_t ktimerid)
}
static inline timer_t
-timer_to_timerid (struct timer *ptr)
+pthread_to_timerid (pthread_t ptr)
{
return (timer_t) (INTPTR_MIN | (uintptr_t) ptr >> 1);
}
@@ -91,19 +56,33 @@ timer_is_sigev_thread (timer_t timerid)
return (intptr_t) timerid < 0;
}
-static inline struct timer *
-timerid_to_timer (timer_t timerid)
+static inline struct pthread *
+timerid_to_pthread (timer_t timerid)
{
- return (struct timer *)((uintptr_t) timerid << 1);
+ return (struct pthread *)((uintptr_t) timerid << 1);
}
static inline kernel_timer_t
timerid_to_kernel_timer (timer_t timerid)
{
if (timer_is_sigev_thread (timerid))
- return timerid_to_timer (timerid)->ktimerid;
- else
- return (kernel_timer_t) ((uintptr_t) timerid);
+ {
+ struct pthread *pthr = timerid_to_pthread (timerid);
+ return pthr->timerid & INT_MAX;
+ }
+ return (uintptr_t) timerid;
+}
+
+static inline void
+timerid_signal_delete (kernel_timer_t *timerid)
+{
+ atomic_fetch_or_relaxed (timerid, INT_MIN);
+}
+
+static inline kernel_timer_t
+timerid_clear (kernel_timer_t timerid)
+{
+ return timerid & INT_MAX;
}
/* New targets use int instead of timer_t. The difference only
diff --git a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_create.c b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_create.c
index ca377a69f4..8ec71254a7 100644
--- a/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_create.c
+++ b/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/timer_create.c
@@ -15,46 +15,196 @@
License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If
not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sysdep.h>
-#include <internaltypes.h>
+#include <jmpbuf-unwind.h>
+#include <kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h>
+#include <kernel-posix-timers.h>
+#include <ldsodefs.h>
+#include <libc-internal.h>
+#include <libc-lock.h>
#include <pthreadP.h>
-#include "kernel-posix-timers.h"
-#include "kernel-posix-cpu-timers.h"
#include <shlib-compat.h>
+struct timer_helper_thread_args_t
+{
+ /* The barrier is used to synchronize the arguments copy from timer_create
+ and the SIGEV_THREAD thread and to instruct the thread to exit if the
+ timer_create syscall fails. */
+ pthread_barrier_t b;
+ struct sigevent *evp;
+};
+
+struct cleanup_args_t
+{
+ struct pthread_unwind_buf *cleanup_jmp_buf;
+ jmp_buf jb;
+};
+
+/* Reset internal thread state if the callback issues pthread_exit. It avoids
+ recreating the thread and having possible unreported missed events due
+ thread creation failure. */
+static void
+timer_helper_thread_cleanup (void *arg)
+{
+ struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;
+
+ /* Call destructors for the thread_local TLS variables. */
+ call_function_static_weak (__call_tls_dtors);
+
+ /* Run the destructor for the thread-local data. */
+ __nptl_deallocate_tsd ();
+
+ /* Clean up any state libc stored in thread-local variables. */
+ __libc_thread_freeres ();
+
+ /* Reset internal TCB state. */
+ struct cleanup_args_t *args = arg;
+ self->cleanup_jmp_buf = args->cleanup_jmp_buf;
+ self->cleanup_jmp_buf->priv.data.prev = NULL;
+ self->cleanup_jmp_buf->priv.data.cleanup = NULL;
+ self->cleanup_jmp_buf->priv.data.canceltype = 0;
+ self->cleanup = NULL;
+ self->exc = (struct _Unwind_Exception) { 0 };
+ self->cancelhandling = 0;
+ self->nextevent = NULL;
+
+ /* Re-initialize the TLS. */
+ _dl_allocate_tls_init (TLS_TPADJ (self), true);
+
+ /* Reset to the expected initial signal mask. */
+ internal_sigset_t ss;
+ internal_sigfillset (&ss);
+ internal_sigdelset (&ss, SIGSETXID);
+ internal_sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL);
+
+ /* There is no need to perform any additional cleanup by the frames. */
+ struct __jmp_buf_tag *env = args->jb;
+ __longjmp (env[0].__jmpbuf, 1);
+}
+
+static void *
+timer_helper_thread (void *arg)
+{
+ struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;
+ struct timer_helper_thread_args_t *args = arg;
+ struct cleanup_args_t clargs = {
+ .cleanup_jmp_buf = self->cleanup_jmp_buf
+ };
+
+ void (*thrfunc) (sigval_t) = args->evp->sigev_notify_function;
+ sigval_t sival = args->evp->sigev_value;
+
+ __pthread_barrier_wait (&args->b);
+ /* timer_create syscall failed. */
+ if (self->exiting)
+ return 0;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ siginfo_t si;
+ while (__sigwaitinfo (&sigtimer_set, &si) < 0);
+
+ if (si.si_code == SI_TIMER && !setjmp (clargs.jb))
+ {
+ pthread_cleanup_push (timer_helper_thread_cleanup, &clargs);
+ thrfunc (sival);
+ pthread_cleanup_pop (0);
+ }
+
+ /* timer_delete will set the MSB and signal the thread. */
+ if (self->timerid < 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Clear the MSB bit set by timer_delete. */
+ INTERNAL_SYSCALL_CALL (timer_delete, timerid_clear (self->timerid));
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+timer_create_sigev_thread (clockid_t clockid, struct sigevent *evp,
+ timer_t *timerid, pthread_attr_t *attr)
+{
+ /* Block all signals in the helper thread but SIGSETXID. */
+ sigset_t ss;
+ __sigfillset (&ss);
+ __sigdelset (&ss, SIGSETXID);
+ if (__pthread_attr_setsigmask_internal (attr, &ss) < 0)
+ return -1;
+
+ struct timer_helper_thread_args_t args;
+ __pthread_barrier_init (&args.b, NULL, 2);
+ args.evp = evp;
+
+ pthread_t th;
+ int r = __pthread_create (&th, attr, timer_helper_thread, &args);
+ if (r != 0)
+ {
+ __set_errno (r);
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ struct pthread *pthr = (struct pthread *)th;
+ struct sigevent kevp =
+ {
+ .sigev_value.sival_ptr = NULL,
+ .sigev_signo = SIGTIMER,
+ .sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD_ID,
+ ._sigev_un = { ._tid = pthr->tid },
+ };
+
+ kernel_timer_t ktimerid;
+ if (INLINE_SYSCALL_CALL (timer_create, clockid, &kevp, &ktimerid) < 0)
+ {
+ ktimerid = -1;
+ /* On timer creation failure we need to signal the helper thread to
+ exit and we can not use the an negative timerid value after the
+ ptherad_barrier_wait because we can not distinguish between
+ a timer creation failure and request to delete a timer if it happens
+ to arrive quickly (for where two timers are create in sequence,
+ where first succeeds).
+
+ We re-use the 'exiting' member to signal the failure, it is set only
+ at pthread_create to avoid pthread_kill to send further signals.
+ Since the thread should not be user-visible, signal are only sent
+ during timer_delete. */
+ pthr->exiting = true;
+ }
+ pthr->timerid = ktimerid;
+ /* Signal the thread to continue execution after it copies the arguments
+ or exit if the timer can not be created. */
+ __pthread_barrier_wait (&args.b);
+
+ if (ktimerid < 0)
+ return -1;
+
+ *timerid = pthread_to_timerid (th);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
int
___timer_create (clockid_t clock_id, struct sigevent *evp, timer_t *timerid)
{
- {
- clockid_t syscall_clockid = (clock_id == CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
- ? PROCESS_CLOCK
- : clock_id == CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
- ? THREAD_CLOCK
- : clock_id);
-
- /* If the user wants notification via a thread we need to handle
- this special. */
- if (evp == NULL
- || __builtin_expect (evp->sigev_notify != SIGEV_THREAD, 1))
- {
- struct sigevent local_evp;
+ clockid_t syscall_clockid = (clock_id == CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
+ ? PROCESS_CLOCK
+ : clock_id == CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
+ ? THREAD_CLOCK
+ : clock_id);
+ switch (evp != NULL ? evp->sigev_notify : SIGEV_SIGNAL)
+ {
+ case SIGEV_NONE:
+ case SIGEV_SIGNAL:
+ case SIGEV_THREAD_ID:
+ {
+ struct sigevent kevp;
if (evp == NULL)
{
- /* The kernel has to pass up the timer ID which is a
- userlevel object. Therefore we cannot leave it up to
- the kernel to determine it. */
- local_evp.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL;
- local_evp.sigev_signo = SIGALRM;
- local_evp.sigev_value.sival_ptr = NULL;
-
- evp = &local_evp;
+ kevp.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL;
+ kevp.sigev_signo = SIGALRM;
+ kevp.sigev_value.sival_ptr = NULL;
+ evp = &kevp;
}
kernel_timer_t ktimerid;
@@ -64,75 +214,28 @@ ___timer_create (clockid_t clock_id, struct sigevent *evp, timer_t *timerid)
*timerid = kernel_timer_to_timerid (ktimerid);
}
- else
+ break;
+ case SIGEV_THREAD:
{
- /* Create the helper thread. */
- __pthread_once (&__timer_helper_once, __timer_start_helper_thread);
- if (__timer_helper_tid == 0)
- {
- /* No resources to start the helper thread. */
- __set_errno (EAGAIN);
- return -1;
- }
-
- struct timer *newp = malloc (sizeof (struct timer));
- if (newp == NULL)
- return -1;
-
- /* Copy the thread parameters the user provided. */
- newp->sival = evp->sigev_value;
- newp->thrfunc = evp->sigev_notify_function;
-
- /* We cannot simply copy the thread attributes since the
- implementation might keep internal information for
- each instance. */
- __pthread_attr_init (&newp->attr);
+ pthread_attr_t attr;
if (evp->sigev_notify_attributes != NULL)
- {
- struct pthread_attr *nattr;
- struct pthread_attr *oattr;
-
- nattr = (struct pthread_attr *) &newp->attr;
- oattr = (struct pthread_attr *) evp->sigev_notify_attributes;
-
- nattr->schedparam = oattr->schedparam;
- nattr->schedpolicy = oattr->schedpolicy;
- nattr->flags = oattr->flags;
- nattr->guardsize = oattr->guardsize;
- nattr->stackaddr = oattr->stackaddr;
- nattr->stacksize = oattr->stacksize;
- }
+ __pthread_attr_copy (&attr, evp->sigev_notify_attributes);
+ else
+ __pthread_attr_init (&attr);
+ __pthread_attr_setdetachstate (&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
- /* In any case set the detach flag. */
- __pthread_attr_setdetachstate (&newp->attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
-
- /* Create the event structure for the kernel timer. */
- struct sigevent sev =
- { .sigev_value.sival_ptr = newp,
- .sigev_signo = SIGTIMER,
- .sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL | SIGEV_THREAD_ID,
- ._sigev_un = { ._pad = { [0] = __timer_helper_tid } } };
-
- /* Create the timer. */
- int res;
- res = INTERNAL_SYSCALL_CALL (timer_create, syscall_clockid, &sev,
- &newp->ktimerid);
- if (INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERROR_P (res))
- {
- free (newp);
- __set_errno (INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERRNO (res));
- return -1;
- }
+ int r = timer_create_sigev_thread (syscall_clockid, evp, timerid,
+ &attr);
- /* Add to the queue of active timers with thread delivery. */
- __pthread_mutex_lock (&__timer_active_sigev_thread_lock);
- newp->next = __timer_active_sigev_thread;
- __timer_active_sigev_thread = newp;
- __pthread_mutex_unlock (&__timer_active_sigev_thread_lock);
+ if (&attr != evp->sigev_notify_attributes)
+ __pthread_attr_destroy (&attr);
- *timerid = timer_to_timerid (newp);
+ return r;
}
- }
+ default:
+ __set_errno (EINVAL);
+ return -1;
+ }
return 0;
}