diff options
| author | Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> | 1998-04-21 09:43:11 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> | 1998-04-21 09:43:11 +0000 |
| commit | f12944ec15f451d0d1ea77cadb9ff40350075884 (patch) | |
| tree | 11e7427c96ad92eb1c4cd6ef4e75f56bf332d621 /FAQ.in | |
| parent | 8619129f3f0d5a9db6208be5bae6c2a8c9ce61a5 (diff) | |
| download | glibc-f12944ec15f451d0d1ea77cadb9ff40350075884.tar.xz glibc-f12944ec15f451d0d1ea77cadb9ff40350075884.zip | |
Update.
1998-04-21 Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>
* ptlongjmp.c: Add prorotypes for __libc_siglongjmp and
__libc_longjmp.
Diffstat (limited to 'FAQ.in')
| -rw-r--r-- | FAQ.in | 722 |
1 files changed, 361 insertions, 361 deletions
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@ Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU C Library -This document tries to answer questions a user might have when -installing and using glibc. Please make sure you read this before -sending questions or bug reports to the maintainers. +This document tries to answer questions a user might have when installing +and using glibc. Please make sure you read this before sending questions or +bug reports to the maintainers. -The GNU C library is very complex. The installation process has not -been completely automated; there are too many variables. You can do -substantial damage to your system by installing the library -incorrectly. Make sure you understand what you are undertaking before -you begin. +The GNU C library is very complex. The installation process has not been +completely automated; there are too many variables. You can do substantial +damage to your system by installing the library incorrectly. Make sure you +understand what you are undertaking before you begin. If you have any questions you think should be answered in this document, please let me know. @@ -19,12 +18,12 @@ please let me know. ?? What systems does the GNU C Library run on? -{UD} This is difficult to answer. The file `README' lists the -architectures GNU libc was known to run on *at some time*. This does -not mean that it still can be compiled and run on them now. +{UD} This is difficult to answer. The file `README' lists the architectures +GNU libc was known to run on *at some time*. This does not mean that it +still can be compiled and run on them now. -The systems glibc is known to work on as of this release, and most -probably in the future, are: +The systems glibc is known to work on as of this release, and most probably +in the future, are: *-*-gnu GNU Hurd i[3456]86-*-linux-gnu Linux-2.x on Intel @@ -36,68 +35,69 @@ probably in the future, are: arm-*-none ARM standalone systems arm-*-linuxaout Linux-2.x on ARM using a.out binaries -Ports to other Linux platforms are in development, and may in fact -work already, but no one has sent us success reports for them. -Currently no ports to other operating systems are underway, although a -few people have expressed interest. +Ports to other Linux platforms are in development, and may in fact work +already, but no one has sent us success reports for them. Currently no +ports to other operating systems are underway, although a few people have +expressed interest. -If you have a system not listed above (or in the `README' file) and -you are really interested in porting it, contact +If you have a system not listed above (or in the `README' file) and you are +really interested in porting it, contact <bug-glibc@gnu.org> ?? What compiler do I need to build GNU libc? -{UD} You must use GNU CC to compile GNU libc. A lot of extensions of -GNU CC are used to increase portability and speed. +{UD} You must use GNU CC to compile GNU libc. A lot of extensions of GNU CC +are used to increase portability and speed. GNU CC is found, like all other GNU packages, on + ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu + and the many mirror sites. ftp.gnu.org is always overloaded, so try to find a local mirror first. -You always should try to use the latest official release. Older -versions may not have all the features GNU libc requires. The current -releases of egcs (1.0.2) and GNU CC (2.8.1) should work with the GNU C -library (for powerpc see question ?powerpc). +You always should try to use the latest official release. Older versions +may not have all the features GNU libc requires. The current releases of +egcs (1.0.2) and GNU CC (2.8.1) should work with the GNU C library (for +powerpc see question ?powerpc). ?? When I try to compile glibc I get only error messages. What's wrong? -{UD} You definitely need GNU make to translate GNU libc. No -other make program has the needed functionality. +{UD} You definitely need GNU make to translate GNU libc. No other make +program has the needed functionality. -We recommend version GNU make version 3.75. Versions 3.76 and 3.76.1 -have bugs which appear when building big projects like GNU libc. -Versions before 3.74 have bugs and/or are missing features. +We recommend version GNU make version 3.75. Versions 3.76 and 3.76.1 have +bugs which appear when building big projects like GNU libc. Versions before +3.74 have bugs and/or are missing features. ?? Do I need a special linker or archiver? -{UD} You may be able to use your system linker, but GNU libc works -best with GNU binutils. +{UD} You may be able to use your system linker, but GNU libc works best with +GNU binutils. -On systems where the native linker does not support weak symbols you -will not get a fully ISO C compliant C library. Generally speaking -you should use the GNU binutils if they provide at least the same -functionality as your system's tools. +On systems where the native linker does not support weak symbols you will +not get a fully ISO C compliant C library. Generally speaking you should +use the GNU binutils if they provide at least the same functionality as your +system's tools. -Always get the newest release of GNU binutils available. Older -releases are known to have bugs that prevent a successful compilation. +Always get the newest release of GNU binutils available. Older releases are +known to have bugs that prevent a successful compilation. -{ZW} As of release 2.1 a linker supporting symbol versions is -required. For Linux, get binutils-2.8.1.0.23 or later. Other systems -may have native linker support, but it's moot right now, because glibc -has not been ported to them. +{ZW} As of release 2.1 a linker supporting symbol versions is required. For +Linux, get binutils-2.8.1.0.23 or later. Other systems may have native +linker support, but it's moot right now, because glibc has not been ported +to them. ??powerpc Which compiler should I use for powerpc? -{GK} You want to use egcs 1.0.1 or later (together with the right -versions of all the other tools, of course). +{GK} You want to use egcs 1.0.1 or later (together with the right versions +of all the other tools, of course). -In fact, egcs 1.0.1 has a serious bug that prevents a clean make, -relating to switch statement folding. It also causes the resulting -shared libraries to use more memory than they should. There is a -patch at: +In fact, egcs 1.0.1 has a serious bug that prevents a clean make, relating +to switch statement folding. It also causes the resulting shared libraries +to use more memory than they should. There is a patch at: <http://discus.anu.edu.au/~geoffk/egcs-1.0.1-geoffk.diff> @@ -149,20 +149,28 @@ Later versions of egcs may fix these problems. ?? What version of the Linux kernel headers should be used? -{AJ,UD} The headers from the most recent Linux kernel should be used. -The headers used while compiling the GNU C library and the kernel -binary used when using the library do not need to match. The GNU C -library runs without problems on kernels that are older than the -kernel headers used. The other way round (compiling the GNU C library -with old kernel headers and running on a recent kernel) does not -necessarily work. For example you can't use new kernel features when -using old kernel headers for compiling the GNU C library. +{AJ,UD} The headers from the most recent Linux kernel should be used. The +headers used while compiling the GNU C library and the kernel binary used +when using the library do not need to match. The GNU C library runs without +problems on kernels that are older than the kernel headers used. The other +way round (compiling the GNU C library with old kernel headers and running +on a recent kernel) does not necessarily work. For example you can't use +new kernel features when using old kernel headers for compiling the GNU C +library. + +?? The compiler hangs while building iconvdata modules. What's + wrong? + +{ZW} This is a problem with all current releases of GCC. Initialization of +large static arrays is very slow. The compiler will eventually finish; give +it time. + +The problem will be fixed in egcs 1.1 but probably not before then. ?? When I run `nm -u libc.so' on the produced library I still find unresolved symbols. Can this be ok? -{UD} Yes, this is ok. There can be several kinds of unresolved -symbols: +{UD} Yes, this is ok. There can be several kinds of unresolved symbols: * magic symbols automatically generated by the linker. These have names like __start_* and __stop_* @@ -176,33 +184,32 @@ errors while linking before deciding there is a problem. ??addon What are these `add-ons'? -{UD} To avoid complications with export rules or external source -code some optional parts of the libc are distributed as separate -packages (e.g., the crypt package, see ?crypt). +{UD} To avoid complications with export rules or external source code some +optional parts of the libc are distributed as separate packages (e.g., the +crypt package, see ?crypt). -To use these packages as part of GNU libc, just unpack the tarfiles in -the libc source directory and tell the configuration script about them -using the --enable-add-ons option. If you give just --enable-add-ons -configure tries to find all the add-on packages in your source tree. -This may not work. If it doesn't, or if you want to select only a -subset of the add-ons, give a comma-separated list of the add-ons to -enable: +To use these packages as part of GNU libc, just unpack the tarfiles in the +libc source directory and tell the configuration script about them using the +--enable-add-ons option. If you give just --enable-add-ons configure tries +to find all the add-on packages in your source tree. This may not work. If +it doesn't, or if you want to select only a subset of the add-ons, give a +comma-separated list of the add-ons to enable: configure --enable-add-ons=crypt,linuxthreads for example. -Add-ons can add features (including entirely new shared libraries), -override files, provide support for additional architectures, and -just about anything else. The existing makefiles do most of the work; -only some few stub rules must be written to get everything running. +Add-ons can add features (including entirely new shared libraries), override +files, provide support for additional architectures, and just about anything +else. The existing makefiles do most of the work; only some few stub rules +must be written to get everything running. ?? My XXX kernel emulates a floating-point coprocessor for me. Should I enable --with-fp? -{ZW} An emulated FPU is just as good as a real one, as far as the C -library is concerned. You only need to say --without-fp if your -machine has no way to execute floating-point instructions. +{ZW} An emulated FPU is just as good as a real one, as far as the C library +is concerned. You only need to say --without-fp if your machine has no way +to execute floating-point instructions. People who are interested in squeezing the last drop of performance out of their machine may wish to avoid the trap overhead, but this is @@ -213,107 +220,105 @@ far more trouble than it's worth: you then have to compile ?? When compiling GNU libc I get lots of errors saying functions in glibc are duplicated in libgcc. -{EY} This is *exactly* the same problem that I was having. The -problem was due to the fact that configure didn't correctly detect -that the linker flag --no-whole-archive was supported in my linker. -In my case it was because I had run ./configure with bogus CFLAGS, and -the test failed. +{EY} This is *exactly* the same problem that I was having. The problem was +due to the fact that configure didn't correctly detect that the linker flag +--no-whole-archive was supported in my linker. In my case it was because I +had run ./configure with bogus CFLAGS, and the test failed. -One thing that is particularly annoying about this problem is that -once this is misdetected, running configure again won't fix it unless -you first delete config.cache. +One thing that is particularly annoying about this problem is that once this +is misdetected, running configure again won't fix it unless you first delete +config.cache. -{UD} Starting with glibc-2.0.3 there should be a better test to avoid -some problems of this kind. The setting of CFLAGS is checked at the -very beginning and if it is not usable `configure' will bark. +{UD} Starting with glibc-2.0.3 there should be a better test to avoid some +problems of this kind. The setting of CFLAGS is checked at the very +beginning and if it is not usable `configure' will bark. ?? Why do I get messages about missing thread functions when I use librt? I don't even use threads. {UD} In this case you probably mixed up your installation. librt uses threads internally and has implicit references to the thread library. -Normally these references are satisfied automatically but if the -thread library is not in the expected place you must tell the linker -where it is. When using GNU ld it works like this: +Normally these references are satisfied automatically but if the thread +library is not in the expected place you must tell the linker where it is. +When using GNU ld it works like this: gcc -o foo foo.c -Wl,-rpath-link=/some/other/dir -lrt -The `/some/other/dir' should contain the thread library. `ld' will -use the given path to find the implicitly referenced library while not -disturbing any other link path. +The `/some/other/dir' should contain the thread library. `ld' will use the +given path to find the implicitly referenced library while not disturbing +any other link path. ?? What's the problem with configure --enable-omitfp? {AJ} When --enable-omitfp is set the libraries are built without frame -pointers. Some compilers produce buggy code for this model and -therefore we don't advise using it at the moment. +pointers. Some compilers produce buggy code for this model and therefore we +don't advise using it at the moment. -If you use --enable-omitfp, you're on your own. If you encounter -problems with a library that was build this way, we advise you to -rebuild the library without --enable-omitfp. If the problem vanishes -consider tracking the problem down and report it as compiler failure. +If you use --enable-omitfp, you're on your own. If you encounter problems +with a library that was build this way, we advise you to rebuild the library +without --enable-omitfp. If the problem vanishes consider tracking the +problem down and report it as compiler failure. -Since a library build with --enable-omitfp is undebuggable on most -systems, debuggable libraries are also built - you can use it by -appending "_g" to the library names. +Since a library build with --enable-omitfp is undebuggable on most systems, +debuggable libraries are also built - you can use it by appending "_g" to +the library names. -The compilation of these extra libraries and the compiler optimizations -slow down the build process and need more disk space. +The compilation of these extra libraries and the compiler optimizations slow +down the build process and need more disk space. ? Installation and configuration issues ?? Can I replace the libc on my Linux system with GNU libc? -{UD} You cannot replace any existing libc for Linux with GNU -libc. It is binary incompatible and therefore has a different major -version. You can, however, install it alongside your existing libc. +{UD} You cannot replace any existing libc for Linux with GNU libc. It is +binary incompatible and therefore has a different major version. You can, +however, install it alongside your existing libc. For Linux there are three major libc versions: libc-4 a.out libc libc-5 original ELF libc libc-6 GNU libc -You can have any combination of these three installed. For more -information consult documentation for shared library handling. The -Makefiles of GNU libc will automatically generate the needed symbolic -links which the linker will use. +You can have any combination of these three installed. For more information +consult documentation for shared library handling. The Makefiles of GNU +libc will automatically generate the needed symbolic links which the linker +will use. ?? How do I configure GNU libc so that the essential libraries like libc.so go into /lib and the other into /usr/lib? {UD,AJ} Like all other GNU packages GNU libc is designed to use a base directory and install all files relative to this. The default is -/usr/local, because this is safe (it will not damage the system if -installed there). If you wish to install GNU libc as the primary C -library on your system, set the base directory to /usr (i.e. run -configure --prefix=/usr <other_options>). Note that this can damage -your system; see ?safety for details. - -Some systems like Linux have a filesystem standard which makes a -difference between essential libraries and others. Essential -libraries are placed in /lib because this directory is required to be -located on the same disk partition as /. The /usr subtree might be -found on another partition/disk. If you configure for Linux with ---prefix=/usr, then this will be done automatically. +/usr/local, because this is safe (it will not damage the system if installed +there). If you wish to install GNU libc as the primary C library on your +system, set the base directory to /usr (i.e. run configure --prefix=/usr +<other_options>). Note that this can damage your system; see ?safety for +details. + +Some systems like Linux have a filesystem standard which makes a difference +between essential libraries and others. Essential libraries are placed in +/lib because this directory is required to be located on the same disk +partition as /. The /usr subtree might be found on another +partition/disk. If you configure for Linux with --prefix=/usr, then this +will be done automatically. To install the essential libraries which come with GNU libc in /lib on -systems other than Linux one must explicitly request it. Autoconf has -no option for this so you have to use a `configparms' file (see the -`INSTALL' file for details). It should contain: +systems other than Linux one must explicitly request it. Autoconf has no +option for this so you have to use a `configparms' file (see the `INSTALL' +file for details). It should contain: slibdir=/lib sysconfdir=/etc -The first line specifies the directory for the essential libraries, -the second line the directory for system configuration files. +The first line specifies the directory for the essential libraries, the +second line the directory for system configuration files. ??safety How should I avoid damaging my system when I install GNU libc? -{ZW} If you wish to be cautious, do not configure with --prefix=/usr. -If you don't specify a prefix, glibc will be installed in /usr/local, -where it will probably not break anything. (If you wish to be -certain, set the prefix to something like /usr/local/glibc2 which is -not used for anything.) +{ZW} If you wish to be cautious, do not configure with --prefix=/usr. If +you don't specify a prefix, glibc will be installed in /usr/local, where it +will probably not break anything. (If you wish to be certain, set the +prefix to something like /usr/local/glibc2 which is not used for anything.) The dangers when installing glibc in /usr are twofold: @@ -336,54 +341,52 @@ long-time Linux users will remember. ?? Do I need to use GNU CC to compile programs that will use the GNU C Library? -{ZW} In theory, no; the linker does not care, and the headers are -supposed to check for GNU CC before using its extensions to the C -language. +{ZW} In theory, no; the linker does not care, and the headers are supposed +to check for GNU CC before using its extensions to the C language. -However, there are currently no ports of glibc to systems where -another compiler is the default, so no one has tested the headers -extensively against another compiler. You may therefore encounter -difficulties. If you do, please report them as bugs. +However, there are currently no ports of glibc to systems where another +compiler is the default, so no one has tested the headers extensively +against another compiler. You may therefore encounter difficulties. If you +do, please report them as bugs. Also, in several places GNU extensions provide large benefits in code quality. For example, the library has hand-optimized, inline assembly -versions of some string functions. These can only be used with GCC. -See ?string for details. +versions of some string functions. These can only be used with GCC. See +?string for details. ??crypt When linking with the new libc I get unresolved symbols `crypt' and `setkey'. Why aren't these functions in the libc anymore? -{UD} The US places restrictions on exporting cryptographic programs -and source code. Until this law gets abolished we cannot ship the -cryptographic functions together with glibc. +{UD} The US places restrictions on exporting cryptographic programs and +source code. Until this law gets abolished we cannot ship the cryptographic +functions together with glibc. -The functions are available, as an add-on (see ?addon). People in the -US may get it from the same place they got GNU libc from. People -outside the US should get the code from ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/gnu, -or another archive site outside the USA. The README explains how to -install the sources. +The functions are available, as an add-on (see ?addon). People in the US +may get it from the same place they got GNU libc from. People outside the +US should get the code from ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/gnu, or another archive +site outside the USA. The README explains how to install the sources. -If you already have the crypt code on your system the reason for the -failure is probably that you did not link with -lcrypt. The crypto -functions are in a separate library to make it possible to export GNU -libc binaries from the US. +If you already have the crypt code on your system the reason for the failure +is probably that you did not link with -lcrypt. The crypto functions are in +a separate library to make it possible to export GNU libc binaries from the +US. ?? When I use GNU libc on my Linux system by linking against the libc.so which comes with glibc all I get is a core dump. -{UD} On Linux, gcc sets the dynamic linker to /lib/ld-linux.so.1 -unless the user specifies a -dynamic-linker argument. This is the -name of the libc5 dynamic linker, which does not work with glibc. +{UD} On Linux, gcc sets the dynamic linker to /lib/ld-linux.so.1 unless the +user specifies a -dynamic-linker argument. This is the name of the libc5 +dynamic linker, which does not work with glibc. For casual use of GNU libc you can just specify -dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux.so.2 -which is the glibc dynamic linker, on Linux systems. On other systems -the name is /lib/ld.so.1. +which is the glibc dynamic linker, on Linux systems. On other systems the +name is /lib/ld.so.1. -To change your environment to use GNU libc for compiling you need to -change the `specs' file of your gcc. This file is normally found at +To change your environment to use GNU libc for compiling you need to change +the `specs' file of your gcc. This file is normally found at /usr/lib/gcc-lib/<arch>/<version>/specs @@ -395,8 +398,8 @@ In this file you have to change a few things: - fix a minor bug by changing %{pipe:-} to %| -Here is what the gcc-2.7.2 specs file should look like when GNU libc -is installed at /usr: +Here is what the gcc-2.7.2 specs file should look like when GNU libc is +installed at /usr: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- *asm: @@ -446,11 +449,11 @@ is installed at /usr: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -Things get a bit more complicated if you have GNU libc installed in -some other place than /usr, i.e., if you do not want to use it instead -of the old libc. In this case the needed startup files and libraries -are not found in the regular places. So the specs file must tell the -compiler and linker exactly what to use. +Things get a bit more complicated if you have GNU libc installed in some +other place than /usr, i.e., if you do not want to use it instead of the old +libc. In this case the needed startup files and libraries are not found in +the regular places. So the specs file must tell the compiler and linker +exactly what to use. Version 2.7.2.3 does and future versions of GCC will automatically provide the correct specs. @@ -460,36 +463,35 @@ provide the correct specs. linking on my Linux system I get error messages. How is this supposed to work? -{RM} Believe it or not, stat and lstat (and fstat, and mknod) -are supposed to be undefined references in libc.so.6! Your problem is -probably a missing or incorrect /usr/lib/libc.so file; note that this -is a small text file now, not a symlink to libc.so.6. It should look -something like this: +{RM} Believe it or not, stat and lstat (and fstat, and mknod) are supposed +to be undefined references in libc.so.6! Your problem is probably a missing +or incorrect /usr/lib/libc.so file; note that this is a small text file now, +not a symlink to libc.so.6. It should look something like this: GROUP ( libc.so.6 libc_nonshared.a ) ?? How can I compile gcc 2.7.2.1 from the gcc source code using glibc 2.x? -{AJ} There's only correct support for glibc 2.0.x in gcc 2.7.2.3 or -later. But you should get at least gcc 2.8.1 or egcs 1.0.2 (or later -versions) instead. +{AJ} There's only correct support for glibc 2.0.x in gcc 2.7.2.3 or later. +But you should get at least gcc 2.8.1 or egcs 1.0.2 (or later versions) +instead. ?? The `gencat' utility cannot process the catalog sources which were used on my Linux libc5 based system. Why? -{UD} The `gencat' utility provided with glibc complies to the XPG -standard. The older Linux version did not obey the standard, so they -are not compatible. +{UD} The `gencat' utility provided with glibc complies to the XPG standard. +The older Linux version did not obey the standard, so they are not +compatible. To ease the transition from the Linux version some of the non-standard -features are also present in the `gencat' program of GNU libc. This -mainly includes the use of symbols for the message number and the automatic +features are also present in the `gencat' program of GNU libc. This mainly +includes the use of symbols for the message nu |
