initial import

28 files changed, 1190 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/manual/examples/add.c b/manual/examples/add.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4b1bba365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int
+add_em_up (int count,...)
+{
+  va_list ap;
+  int i, sum;
+
+  va_start (ap, count);		/* Initialize the argument list. */
+
+  sum = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    sum += va_arg (ap, int);	/* Get the next argument value. */
+
+  va_end (ap);			/* Clean up. */
+  return sum;
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  /* This call prints 16. */
+  printf ("%d\n", add_em_up (3, 5, 5, 6));
+
+  /* This call prints 55. */
+  printf ("%d\n", add_em_up (10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10));
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/atexit.c b/manual/examples/atexit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42bba71126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/atexit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void 
+bye (void)
+{
+  puts ("Goodbye, cruel world....");
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  atexit (bye);
+  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/db.c b/manual/examples/db.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a1cb0c0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/db.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  uid_t me;
+  struct passwd *my_passwd;
+  struct group *my_group;
+  char **members;
+
+  /* Get information about the user ID. */
+  me = getuid ();
+  my_passwd = getpwuid (me);
+  if (!my_passwd)
+    {
+      printf ("Couldn't find out about user %d.\n", (int) me);
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Print the information. */
+  printf ("I am %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_gecos);
+  printf ("My login name is %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_name);
+  printf ("My uid is %d.\n", (int) (my_passwd->pw_uid));
+  printf ("My home directory is %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_dir);
+  printf ("My default shell is %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_shell);
+
+  /* Get information about the default group ID. */
+  my_group = getgrgid (my_passwd->pw_gid);
+  if (!my_group)
+    {
+      printf ("Couldn't find out about group %d.\n",
+	      (int) my_passwd->pw_gid);
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Print the information. */
+  printf ("My default group is %s (%d).\n",
+	  my_group->gr_name, (int) (my_passwd->pw_gid));
+  printf ("The members of this group are:\n");
+  members = my_group->gr_mem;
+  while (*members)
+    {
+      printf ("  %s\n", *(members));
+      members++;
+    }
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/dir.c b/manual/examples/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b90f72da03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*@group*/
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+/*@end group*/
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  DIR *dp;
+  struct dirent *ep;
+
+  dp = opendir ("./");
+  if (dp != NULL)
+    {
+      while (ep = readdir (dp))
+	puts (ep->d_name);
+      (void) closedir (dp);
+    }
+  else
+    puts ("Couldn't open the directory.");
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/filecli.c b/manual/examples/filecli.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b77ae6763e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/filecli.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+#define SERVER	"/tmp/serversocket"
+#define CLIENT	"/tmp/mysocket"
+#define MAXMSG	512
+#define MESSAGE	"Yow!!! Are we having fun yet?!?"
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  extern int make_named_socket (const char *name);
+  int sock;
+  char message[MAXMSG];
+  struct sockaddr_un name;
+  size_t size;
+  int nbytes;
+
+  /* Make the socket. */
+  sock = make_named_socket (CLIENT);
+
+  /* Initialize the server socket address. */
+  name.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+  strcpy (name.sun_path, SERVER);
+  size = strlen (name.sun_path) + sizeof (name.sun_family);
+
+  /* Send the datagram. */
+  nbytes = sendto (sock, MESSAGE, strlen (MESSAGE) + 1, 0,
+		   (struct sockaddr *) & name, size);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("sendto (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Wait for a reply. */
+  nbytes = recvfrom (sock, message, MAXMSG, 0, NULL, 0);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("recfrom (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Print a diagnostic message. */
+  fprintf (stderr, "Client: got message: %s\n", message);
+
+  /* Clean up. */
+  remove (CLIENT);
+  close (sock);
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/filesrv.c b/manual/examples/filesrv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3596b99982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/filesrv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+#define SERVER	"/tmp/serversocket"
+#define MAXMSG	512
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  int sock;
+  char message[MAXMSG];
+  struct sockaddr_un name;
+  size_t size;
+  int nbytes;
+
+  /* Make the socket, then loop endlessly. */
+
+  sock = make_named_socket (SERVER);
+  while (1)
+    {
+      /* Wait for a datagram. */
+      size = sizeof (name);
+      nbytes = recvfrom (sock, message, MAXMSG, 0,
+			 (struct sockaddr *) & name, &size);
+      if (nbytes < 0)
+	{
+	  perror ("recfrom (server)");
+	  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+      /* Give a diagnostic message. */
+      fprintf (stderr, "Server: got message: %s\n", message);
+
+      /* Bounce the message back to the sender. */
+      nbytes = sendto (sock, message, nbytes, 0,
+		       (struct sockaddr *) & name, size);
+      if (nbytes < 0)
+	{
+	  perror ("sendto (server)");
+	  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/inetcli.c b/manual/examples/inetcli.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..258c6892aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/inetcli.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+#define PORT		5555
+#define MESSAGE		"Yow!!! Are we having fun yet?!?"
+#define SERVERHOST 	"churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu"
+
+void 
+write_to_server (int filedes)
+{
+  int nbytes;
+
+  nbytes = write (filedes, MESSAGE, strlen (MESSAGE) + 1);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("write");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+}
+
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  extern void init_sockaddr (struct sockaddr_in *name,
+			     const char *hostname,
+			     unsigned short int port);
+  int sock;
+  struct sockaddr_in servername;
+
+  /* Create the socket.  */
+  sock = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  if (sock < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("socket (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Connect to the server.  */
+  init_sockaddr (&servername, SERVERHOST, PORT);
+  if (0 > connect (sock,
+		   (struct sockaddr *) &servername,
+		   sizeof (servername)))
+    {
+      perror ("connect (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Send data to the server.  */
+  write_to_server (sock);
+  close (sock);
+  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/inetsrv.c b/manual/examples/inetsrv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd86e80f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/inetsrv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+#define PORT	5555
+#define MAXMSG	512
+
+int
+read_from_client (int filedes)
+{
+  char buffer[MAXMSG];
+  int nbytes;
+
+  nbytes = read (filedes, buffer, MAXMSG);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      /* Read error. */
+      perror ("read");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (nbytes == 0)
+    /* End-of-file. */
+    return -1;
+  else
+    {
+      /* Data read. */
+      fprintf (stderr, "Server: got message: `%s'\n", buffer);
+      return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  extern int make_socket (unsigned short int port);
+  int sock;
+  fd_set active_fd_set, read_fd_set;
+  int i;
+  struct sockaddr_in clientname;
+  size_t size;
+
+  /* Create the socket and set it up to accept connections. */
+  sock = make_socket (PORT);
+  if (listen (sock, 1) < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("listen");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Initialize the set of active sockets. */
+  FD_ZERO (&active_fd_set);
+  FD_SET (sock, &active_fd_set);
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      /* Block until input arrives on one or more active sockets. */
+      read_fd_set = active_fd_set;
+      if (select (FD_SETSIZE, &read_fd_set, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+	{
+	  perror ("select");
+	  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+      /* Service all the sockets with input pending. */
+      for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; ++i)
+	if (FD_ISSET (i, &read_fd_set))
+	  {
+	    if (i == sock)
+	      {
+		/* Connection request on original socket. */
+		int new;
+		size = sizeof (clientname);
+		new = accept (sock,
+			      (struct sockaddr *) &clientname,
+			      &size);
+		if (new < 0)
+		  {
+		    perror ("accept");
+		    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+		  }
+		fprintf (stderr,
+			 "Server: connect from host %s, port %hd.\n",
+			 inet_ntoa (clientname.sin_addr),
+			 ntohs (clientname.sin_port));
+		FD_SET (new, &active_fd_set);
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		/* Data arriving on an already-connected socket. */
+		if (read_from_client (i) < 0)
+		  {
+		    close (i);
+		    FD_CLR (i, &active_fd_set);
+		  }
+	      }
+	  }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/isockad.c b/manual/examples/isockad.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54ec1cca4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/isockad.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+void 
+init_sockaddr (struct sockaddr_in *name,
+	       const char *hostname,
+	       unsigned short int port)
+{
+  struct hostent *hostinfo;
+
+  name->sin_family = AF_INET;
+  name->sin_port = htons (port);
+  hostinfo = gethostbyname (hostname);
+  if (hostinfo == NULL) 
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Unknown host %s.\n", hostname);
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+  name->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *) hostinfo->h_addr;
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/longopt.c b/manual/examples/longopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5c841f24a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/longopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* Flag set by @samp{--verbose}.  */
+static int verbose_flag;
+
+int
+main (argc, argv)
+     int argc;
+     char **argv;
+{
+  int c;
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      static struct option long_options[] =
+	{
+	  /* These options set a flag.  */
+	  {"verbose", 0, &verbose_flag, 1},
+	  {"brief", 0, &verbose_flag, 0},
+	  /* These options don't set a flag.
+	     We distinguish them by their indices.  */
+	  {"add", 1, 0, 0},
+	  {"append", 0, 0, 0},
+	  {"delete", 1, 0, 0},
+	  {"create", 0, 0, 0},
+	  {"file", 1, 0, 0},
+	  {0, 0, 0, 0}
+	};
+      /* @code{getopt_long} stores the option index here.  */
+      int option_index = 0;
+
+      c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abc:d:",
+		       long_options, &option_index);
+
+      /* Detect the end of the options.  */
+      if (c == -1)
+	break;
+
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case 0:
+	  /* If this option set a flag, do nothing else now.  */
+	  if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
+	    break;
+	  printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
+	  if (optarg)
+	    printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
+	  printf ("\n");
+	  break;
+
+	case 'a':
+	  puts ("option -a\n");
+	  break;
+
+	case 'b':
+	  puts ("option -b\n");
+	  break;
+
+	case 'c':
+	  printf ("option -c with value `%s'\n", optarg);
+	  break;
+
+	case 'd':
+	  printf ("option -d with value `%s'\n", optarg);
+	  break;
+
+	case '?':
+	  /* @code{getopt_long} already printed an error message.  */
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  abort ();
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Instead of reporting @samp{--verbose}
+     and @samp{--brief} as they are encountered,
+     we report the final status resulting from them.  */
+  if (verbose_flag)
+    puts ("verbose flag is set");
+
+  /* Print any remaining command line arguments (not options).  */
+  if (optind < argc)
+    {
+      printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
+      while (optind < argc)
+	printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
+      putchar ('\n');
+    }
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/memopen.c b/manual/examples/memopen.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..682830fe5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/memopen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+static char buffer[] = "foobar";
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  int ch;
+  FILE *stream;
+
+  stream = fmemopen (buffer, strlen (buffer), "r");
+  while ((ch = fgetc (stream)) != EOF)
+    printf ("Got %c\n", ch);
+  fclose (stream);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/memstrm.c b/manual/examples/memstrm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1674c36e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/memstrm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  char *bp;
+  size_t size;
+  FILE *stream;
+
+  stream = open_memstream (&bp, &size);
+  fprintf (stream, "hello");
+  fflush (stream);
+  printf ("buf = `%s', size = %d\n", bp, size);
+  fprintf (stream, ", world");
+  fclose (stream);
+  printf ("buf = `%s', size = %d\n", bp, size);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/manual/examples/mkfsock.c b/manual/examples/mkfsock.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3750ec150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manual/examples/mkfsock.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+int 
+make_named_socket (const char *filename)
+{
+  struct sockaddr_un name;
+  int sock;